2022
|
Mazurkiewicz, Bartosz; Kattenbeck, Markus; Giannopoulos, Ioannis Rethinking Route Choices! On the Importance of Route Selection in Wayfinding Experiments (Inproceedings) In: Ishikawa, Toru; Fabrikant, Sara Irina; Winter, Stephan (Ed.): 15th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2022), pp. 6:1–6:13, Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, Dagstuhl, Germany, 2022, ISSN: 1868-8969. @inproceedings{mazurkiewicz_et_al:LIPIcs.COSIT.2022.6,
title = {Rethinking Route Choices! On the Importance of Route Selection in Wayfinding Experiments},
author = {Bartosz Mazurkiewicz and Markus Kattenbeck and Ioannis Giannopoulos},
editor = {Toru Ishikawa and Sara Irina Fabrikant and Stephan Winter},
url = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2022/16891},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2022.6},
issn = {1868-8969},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-01},
booktitle = {15th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2022)},
volume = {240},
pages = {6:1--6:13},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
abstract = {Route selection for a wayfinding experiment is not a trivial task and is often made in an undocumented way. Only recently (2021), a systematic, reproducible and score-based approach for route selection for wayfinding experiments was published. However, it is still unclear how robust study results are across all potential routes in a particular experimental area. An important share of routes might lead to different conclusions than most routes. This share would distort and/or invert the study outcome. If so, the question of selecting routes that are unlikely to distort the results of our wayfinding experiments remains unanswered. In order to answer these questions, an agent-based simulation study with four different sample sizes (N = 15, 25, 50, 3000 agents) comparing Turn-by-Turn and Free Choice Navigation approaches (between-subject design) regarding their arrival rates on more than 11000 routes in the city center of Vienna, Austria, was run. The results of our study indicate that with decreasing sample size, there is an increase in the share of routes which lead to contradictory results regarding the arrival rate, i.e., the results become less robust. Therefore, based on simulation results, we present an approach for selecting suitable routes even for small-scale in-situ studies.},
keywords = {Agent-based Simulation, experimental design, Route selection, wayfinding},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Route selection for a wayfinding experiment is not a trivial task and is often made in an undocumented way. Only recently (2021), a systematic, reproducible and score-based approach for route selection for wayfinding experiments was published. However, it is still unclear how robust study results are across all potential routes in a particular experimental area. An important share of routes might lead to different conclusions than most routes. This share would distort and/or invert the study outcome. If so, the question of selecting routes that are unlikely to distort the results of our wayfinding experiments remains unanswered. In order to answer these questions, an agent-based simulation study with four different sample sizes (N = 15, 25, 50, 3000 agents) comparing Turn-by-Turn and Free Choice Navigation approaches (between-subject design) regarding their arrival rates on more than 11000 routes in the city center of Vienna, Austria, was run. The results of our study indicate that with decreasing sample size, there is an increase in the share of routes which lead to contradictory results regarding the arrival rate, i.e., the results become less robust. Therefore, based on simulation results, we present an approach for selecting suitable routes even for small-scale in-situ studies. |
2021
|
Mazurkiewicz, Bartosz; Kattenbeck, Markus; Giannopoulos, Ioannis Navigating Your Way! Increasing the Freedom of Choice During Wayfinding (Inproceedings) In: Janowicz, Krzysztof; Verstegen, Judith A. (Ed.): 11th International Conference on Geographic Information Science (GIScience 2021) - Part II, pp. 9:1–9:16, Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, Dagstuhl, Germany, 2021, ISSN: 1868-8969. @inproceedings{mazurkiewicz_et_al:LIPIcs.GIScience.2021.II.9,
title = {Navigating Your Way! Increasing the Freedom of Choice During Wayfinding},
author = {Bartosz Mazurkiewicz and Markus Kattenbeck and Ioannis Giannopoulos},
editor = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Judith A. Verstegen},
url = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2021/14768},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.GIScience.2021.II.9},
issn = {1868-8969},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-14},
urldate = {2021-09-14},
booktitle = {11th International Conference on Geographic Information Science (GIScience 2021) - Part II},
volume = {208},
pages = {9:1--9:16},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
abstract = {Using navigation assistance systems has become widespread and scholars have tried to mitigate potentially adverse effects on spatial cognition these systems may have due to the division of attention they require. In order to nudge the user to engage more with the environment, we propose a novel navigation paradigm called Free Choice Navigation balancing the number of free choices, route length and number of instructions given. We test the viability of this approach by means of an agent-based simulation for three different cities. Environmental spatial abilities and spatial confidence are the two most important modeled features of our agents. Our results are very promising: Agents could decide freely at more than 50% of all junctions. More than 90% of the agents reached their destination within an average distance of about 125% shortest path length.},
keywords = {Agent-based Simulation, Free Choice Navigation, wayfinding},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Using navigation assistance systems has become widespread and scholars have tried to mitigate potentially adverse effects on spatial cognition these systems may have due to the division of attention they require. In order to nudge the user to engage more with the environment, we propose a novel navigation paradigm called Free Choice Navigation balancing the number of free choices, route length and number of instructions given. We test the viability of this approach by means of an agent-based simulation for three different cities. Environmental spatial abilities and spatial confidence are the two most important modeled features of our agents. Our results are very promising: Agents could decide freely at more than 50% of all junctions. More than 90% of the agents reached their destination within an average distance of about 125% shortest path length. |
Mazurkiewicz, Bartosz; Giannopoulos, Ioannis Route Selection - From Replication to Recreation (Workshop) 2021, (Cycling@CHI: Towards a Research Agenda for HCI in the Bike Lane at CHI ’21, May 8–13, 2021, Yokohama, Japan. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 5 pages). @workshop{Mazurkiewicz2021,
title = {Route Selection - From Replication to Recreation},
author = {Bartosz Mazurkiewicz and Ioannis Giannopoulos},
editor = {2021 May 8–13 Cycling@CHI: Towards a Research Agenda for HCI in the Bike Lane at CHI ’21},
url = {https://geoinfo.geo.tuwien.ac.at/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/chi_workshop_route_selection_mazurkiewicz.pdf},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-05-07},
urldate = {2021-05-07},
abstract = {The choice of a route from an origin to a destination depends on several criteria. These criteria can range from route length to
environment type. In several situations, we are not only interested in finding a route between two points, but to find a route between all possible origin-destination points in a specific geographic area. This is very common during experimental design, when one is seeking for a generalizable route to evaluate a navigation system. For this case, the selected route should be representative for the area, and not an exception with peculiarities. In this work we demonstrate (1) how to choose an average route for a bike navigation study in Vienna, Austria and (2) how to find similar routes in Florence, Italy and Bremen, Germany in order to replicate the study. The selection is based on route features and associated weights. They can be highly customized according to the needs. We demonstrate our approach and introduce four application scenarios to exemplify the benefits of a systematic route selection.},
note = {Cycling@CHI: Towards a Research Agenda for HCI in the Bike Lane at CHI ’21, May 8–13, 2021, Yokohama, Japan. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 5 pages},
keywords = {Experiments, navigation, Replicability, Route selection, wayfinding},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {workshop}
}
The choice of a route from an origin to a destination depends on several criteria. These criteria can range from route length to
environment type. In several situations, we are not only interested in finding a route between two points, but to find a route between all possible origin-destination points in a specific geographic area. This is very common during experimental design, when one is seeking for a generalizable route to evaluate a navigation system. For this case, the selected route should be representative for the area, and not an exception with peculiarities. In this work we demonstrate (1) how to choose an average route for a bike navigation study in Vienna, Austria and (2) how to find similar routes in Florence, Italy and Bremen, Germany in order to replicate the study. The selection is based on route features and associated weights. They can be highly customized according to the needs. We demonstrate our approach and introduce four application scenarios to exemplify the benefits of a systematic route selection. |
Mazurkiewicz, Bartosz; Kattenbeck, Markus; Kiefer, Peter; Giannopoulos, Ioannis Not Arbitrary, Systematic! Average-Based Route Selection for Navigation Experiments (Inproceedings) In: Janowicz, Krzysztof; Verstegen, Judith Anne (Ed.): 11th International Conference on Geographic Information Science, GIScience
2021, September 27-30, 2021, Poznań, Poland - Part I, pp. 8:1–8:16, Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2021. @inproceedings{DBLP:conf/giscience/MazurkiewiczKKG21,
title = {Not Arbitrary, Systematic! Average-Based Route Selection for Navigation Experiments},
author = {Bartosz Mazurkiewicz and Markus Kattenbeck and Peter Kiefer and Ioannis Giannopoulos},
editor = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Judith Anne Verstegen},
url = {https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.GIScience.2021.I.8},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.GIScience.2021.I.8},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
booktitle = {11th International Conference on Geographic Information Science, GIScience
2021, September 27-30, 2021, Poznań, Poland - Part I},
volume = {177},
pages = {8:1--8:16},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik},
series = {LIPIcs},
keywords = {experimental design, navigation, Replicability, Route selection, wayfinding},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
|
Alinaghi, Negar; Kattenbeck, Markus; Golab, Antonia; Giannopoulos, Ioannis Will You Take This Turn? Gaze-Based Turning Activity Recognition During Navigation (Inproceedings) In: Janowicz, Krzysztof; Verstegen, Judith A. (Ed.): 11th International Conference on Geographic Information Science (GIScience 2021) - Part II, pp. 5:1–5:16, Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, Dagstuhl, Germany, 2021, ISSN: 1868-8969. @inproceedings{alinaghi_et_al:LIPIcs.GIScience.2021.II.5,
title = {Will You Take This Turn? Gaze-Based Turning Activity Recognition During Navigation},
author = {Negar Alinaghi and Markus Kattenbeck and Antonia Golab and Ioannis Giannopoulos},
editor = {Krzysztof Janowicz and Judith A. Verstegen},
url = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2021/14764},
doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.GIScience.2021.II.5},
issn = {1868-8969},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
booktitle = {11th International Conference on Geographic Information Science (GIScience 2021) - Part II},
volume = {208},
pages = {5:1--5:16},
publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik},
address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
abstract = {Decision making is an integral part of wayfinding and people progressively use navigation systems to facilitate this task. The primary decision, which is also the main source of navigation error, is about the turning activity, i.e., to decide either to turn left or right or continue straight forward. The fundamental step to deal with this error, before applying any preventive approaches, e.g., providing more information, or any compensatory solutions, e.g., pre-calculating alternative routes, could be to predict and recognize the potential turning activity. This paper aims to address this step by predicting the turning decision of pedestrian wayfinders, before the actual action takes place, using primarily gaze-based features. Applying Machine Learning methods, the results of the presented experiment demonstrate an overall accuracy of 91% within three seconds before arriving at a decision point. Beyond the application perspective, our findings also shed light on the cognitive processes of decision making as reflected by the wayfinder’s gaze behaviour: incorporating environmental and user-related factors to the model, results in a noticeable change with respect to the importance of visual search features in turn activity recognition.},
keywords = {eye tracking, human activity recognition, Machine Learning, wayfinding},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Decision making is an integral part of wayfinding and people progressively use navigation systems to facilitate this task. The primary decision, which is also the main source of navigation error, is about the turning activity, i.e., to decide either to turn left or right or continue straight forward. The fundamental step to deal with this error, before applying any preventive approaches, e.g., providing more information, or any compensatory solutions, e.g., pre-calculating alternative routes, could be to predict and recognize the potential turning activity. This paper aims to address this step by predicting the turning decision of pedestrian wayfinders, before the actual action takes place, using primarily gaze-based features. Applying Machine Learning methods, the results of the presented experiment demonstrate an overall accuracy of 91% within three seconds before arriving at a decision point. Beyond the application perspective, our findings also shed light on the cognitive processes of decision making as reflected by the wayfinder’s gaze behaviour: incorporating environmental and user-related factors to the model, results in a noticeable change with respect to the importance of visual search features in turn activity recognition. |
2019
|
Giannopoulos, Ioannis Gaze-Based Assistance for Collective Spatial Cognition (Inproceedings) In: Curtin, Kevin M; Montello, Daniel R (Ed.): Innovative Research about Spatial Thinking by Human Groups, Laboratory for Location Science, University of Alabama, 2019, (Vortrag: Collective Spatial Cognition Specialist Meeting, Santa Barbara, California, USA; 2019-04-17 -- 2019-04-19). @inproceedings{giannopoulos19[TUW-286401],
title = {Gaze-Based Assistance for Collective Spatial Cognition},
author = {Ioannis Giannopoulos},
editor = {Kevin M Curtin and Daniel R Montello},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Innovative Research about Spatial Thinking by Human Groups},
publisher = {Laboratory for Location Science, University of Alabama},
abstract = {When we walk and interact in an unfamiliar environment, wayfinding can be very challenging. We have to select a proper route than will lead us to the desired destination, we have to orient in our surroundings, we have to monitor our environment while walking to ensure that we are still on the right track and finally we have to recognize the destination. Furthermore, while we are wayfinding, we are acquiring spatial knowledge, developing and enhancing our mental representation of the environment we are interacting in. Assistance aids can be utilized for this purpose, helping us to offload some of the relevant tasks. Furthermore, assistance systems can help us to coordinate our activities with others, communicate, as well as increase our knowledge concerning the relevant environment. An assistance system that knows what we have seen, what we are interested in and what we want to achieve can be effectively utilized to support the process of wayfinding. Eye tracking data can be a great source, close to our cognitive processes, that can be utilized for the extraction of this relevant information that will help to coordinate and manage the spatial cognition of a person or even of a larger group of people. This position paper demonstrates how research in the area of gaze-based assistance can be utilized for acquiring, organizing and utilizing spatial knowledge of a group of people through the example of a group of tourists.},
note = {Vortrag: Collective Spatial Cognition Specialist Meeting, Santa Barbara, California, USA; 2019-04-17 -- 2019-04-19},
keywords = {Assistance Systems, Collective Spatial Cognition, Eye Movements, gaze-based interaction, wayfinding},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
When we walk and interact in an unfamiliar environment, wayfinding can be very challenging. We have to select a proper route than will lead us to the desired destination, we have to orient in our surroundings, we have to monitor our environment while walking to ensure that we are still on the right track and finally we have to recognize the destination. Furthermore, while we are wayfinding, we are acquiring spatial knowledge, developing and enhancing our mental representation of the environment we are interacting in. Assistance aids can be utilized for this purpose, helping us to offload some of the relevant tasks. Furthermore, assistance systems can help us to coordinate our activities with others, communicate, as well as increase our knowledge concerning the relevant environment. An assistance system that knows what we have seen, what we are interested in and what we want to achieve can be effectively utilized to support the process of wayfinding. Eye tracking data can be a great source, close to our cognitive processes, that can be utilized for the extraction of this relevant information that will help to coordinate and manage the spatial cognition of a person or even of a larger group of people. This position paper demonstrates how research in the area of gaze-based assistance can be utilized for acquiring, organizing and utilizing spatial knowledge of a group of people through the example of a group of tourists. |
2015
|
Giannopoulos, Ioannis; Kiefer, Peter; Raubal, Martin GazeNav: Gaze-Based Pedestrian Navigation (Inproceedings) In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, pp. 337–346, ACM, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2015, ISBN: 978-1-4503-3652-9. @inproceedings{Giannopoulos:2015:GGP:2785830.2785873,
title = {GazeNav: Gaze-Based Pedestrian Navigation},
author = {Ioannis Giannopoulos and Peter Kiefer and Martin Raubal},
url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2785830.2785873},
doi = {10.1145/2785830.2785873},
isbn = {978-1-4503-3652-9},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services},
pages = {337--346},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {Copenhagen, Denmark},
series = {MobileHCI '15},
keywords = {eye tracking, gaze-based interaction, pedestrian navigation, wayfinding},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
|
2013
|
Giannopoulos, Ioannis; Kiefer, Peter; Raubal, Martin The Influence of Gaze History Visualization on Map Interaction Sequences and Cognitive Maps (Inproceedings) In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on MapInteraction, pp. 1–6, ACM, Orlando, Florida, 2013, ISBN: 978-1-4503-2536-3. @inproceedings{Giannopoulos:2013:IGH:2534931.2534940,
title = {The Influence of Gaze History Visualization on Map Interaction Sequences and Cognitive Maps},
author = {Ioannis Giannopoulos and Peter Kiefer and Martin Raubal},
url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2534931.2534940},
doi = {10.1145/2534931.2534940},
isbn = {978-1-4503-2536-3},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on MapInteraction},
pages = {1--6},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {Orlando, Florida},
series = {MapInteract '13},
keywords = {eye tracking, gaze-based interaction, geogazemarks, map history, mobile applications, orientation, wayfinding},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
|
